Tuesday, 20 August 2013

MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS WHICH ARE INVOLVED IN BREEDING STOCK



The ratio of males to females flock

Very few or too many males in relation to hens in the flock may cause fall in production. The approximate ratio for best results during breeding under average conditions are Mediterranean breeds, 1 to 15 which is one male for 15 females or more up to a limit of 25; American and English breeds, 1 to 10 or 15; as well as Asiatic breeds 1 to 10 respectively.

Care giving to breeding males

For the breeding males, special care is necessary to ensure that male receives sufficient food, for many males are so absorbingly attentive to the hens that they do not eat enough even to maintain themselves in a vigorous condition. It is well to feed the male properly apart from the hens. Attention should be paid to the claws and spurn to see that they are blunt on sides and points in order not to cause damage to the backs of hens. The feet should be examined to ensure that there is no bumble foot as well or any other trouble that would prevent satisfactory service. The males should be kept free from lice, mites, flies and ticks by frequent application of sodium fluoride and other insecticides in and around the poultry house.

The right breeding age

When a good male has been discovered through the means of progeny testing, it should be used as it gives reasonably good fertility at that time. Otherwise preference should be given to the young males. The first year is usually the best for any male, from the point of view of fertility. Many are of little value after the second year of breeding. As regards the females, it has been found that the yearling hens give somewhat better results than the pullets in respect of both hatchability and the size of the chicks when been hatched.

The fertile eggs

It is very possible for a hen to lay a fertile egg within 24 hours after mating, but a longer time must elapse before the percentage of fertile eggs from a flock will be sufficiently high to warrant saving them for hatching purposes. To get a high fertility rate of fertile eggs, it is more advisable to save eggs for hatching after 7 to 10 days of mating, depending on the breeds which are involved in the mating process.

Method used for mating

In mating operation, there are several types of them which are practiced for producing fertile eggs. These are types of operations include;
Pen mating
Flock mating
Stud mating
Alternating males
Artificial insemination

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