Reproduction
in plant is the production of new plants offspring, which can be accomplish by
means of sexual or asexual. Offspring are produce by fusion of gametes through
sexual reproduction, resulting in offspring which are genetically different
from the parent or parents. While in asexual reproduction, production of new
individuals without the fusion of gametes occurs, genetically identical to the
parent plants and each other, except when mutations occur. The offspring can be
packaged in a protective seed in seed plants, which is used as an agent of
dispersal.
Sexual
reproduction
Two
fundamental processes are involves in sexual reproduction; these are meiosis
and fertilization. Meiosis rearranges the genes and reduces the number of
chromosomes, while fertilization restores the chromosome to a complete diploid number.
In between meiosis and fertilization there two processes, different types of plants
and algae vary, but many of them, including all land plants undergo alternation
of generation with two different multicellular structures, a gametophyte and a
sporophyte.
Asexual reproduction
In plants,
there are two main types of asexual reproduction in which new plants are
produced which are genetically identical clones of the parent individual. Vegetative
reproduction involves a vegetative piece of the original plant and is distinguished
from apomixis, which are the replacement for sexual reproduction, and in some
cases involves seeds. Apomixis occurs in many plant species and also in some
non-plant organisms.
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| Reproduction in plant |
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